The potential renoprotection of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Febuxostat versus allopurinol

The potential renoprotection of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Febuxostat versus allopurinol

Crystal structures of mammalian xanthine oxidoreductase bound with various inhibitors: allopurinol, febuxostat, and FYX-051.

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the reaction of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. Inhibitors of XOR can thus decrease the concentration of uric acid in serum. Crystal structures of XOR bound with various inhibitors reveal that inhibitors can be categorized into three types, i.e. mechanism-based, structure-based, and hybrid types.

The xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat suppresses development of nonalcoholic

35 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme involved in the production of uric acid (UA) 36 from purine nucleotides. Numerous recent studies have revealed the prevalence of 37 metabolic syndrome including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or 38 steatohepatitis (NASH) to be related to hyperuricemia. However, it remains unclear 39 whether elevated serum UA during the development of NAFLD or NAS...

Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol.

The prototypical xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol, has been the cornerstone of the clinical management of gout and conditions associated with hyperuricemia for several decades. More recent data indicate that XO also plays an important role in various forms of ischemic and other types of tissue and vascular injuries, inflammatory diseases, and chronic heart failure. Allopurinol and it...

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol attenuates the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy

In this study, we investigated the effect of the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, allopurinol (ALP), on cardiac dysfunction, oxidative-nitrosative stress, apoptosis, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity and fibrosis associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. Diabetes was induced in C57/BL6 mice by injection of streptozotocin. Control and diabetic animals were treated with ALP or pl...